Additionally, new technologies responsible for contributing much of the information available on the subject including current and future treatments for narcolepsy will be discussed. Regardless of the episode’s severity, the person remains conscious and aware of their surroundings. Mild cataplexy may cause only slight weakness in some muscles, while severe cataplexy can cause a person to collapse. There’s no cure for narcolepsy yet, a sleep-wake disorder featuring episodes of unintentional sleep and irresistible urges to nap. The primary purpose of this research is to distinctly discuss the hypothesized mechanisms behind the pathophysiology of narcolepsy-cataplexy by presenting a review that seeks to synthesize current literature. Cataplexy causes a person to rapidly lose control of their muscles. At this point, an explanation describing the mechanism behind the mutation of the HLA complex and how such a mutation results in a orexin deficiency remains of topic of speculation, although mechanisms regarding the specific pathophysiology have been hypothesized. Research suggests that deficiencies of these proteins are related to a mutation on chromosome 6 in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex which is a locus that houses genes responsible for critical immune-related responses. As of relatively recent years, there has been a general consensus amongst the scientific community concerning the etiology of narcolepsy as numerous studies suggest that it is caused by the deficiency of neurotransmitters called orexin-A and orexin-B (or hypocretin-1 and hypocretin-2). Narcolepsy (hypersomnolence) is a disorder that affects 1 in 2000 individuals in the United States and it is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and catalepsy, which is a sudden loss of muscle tone. Narcolepsy is a disorder of the central nervous system, the main symptoms of which are excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy (an abrupt and reversible decrease in or loss of muscle.
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